Icologiq Knowledge · Method
HAZOP
A structured, team-based study that uses guide words to identify deviations from design intent that could create hazards or operability problems.
HAZOP
Also known as:
Hazard and Operability Study, HAZOP Study, hazard and operability analysis
At a glance
Type
Method
Topic
Process Safety
Applies to
Tank Terminals & Chemicals
Current version
Status
Last reviewed
September 29, 2026
Definition
HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study. It is a structured, multidisciplinary risk-analysis technique that examines a process or system against its intended design using guide words to identify credible deviations, their causes, consequences, existing safeguards and possible actions. The technique is widely used in process industries where technical changes and operating conditions can create significant safety or operability risks.
Why it matters
For chemical plants, tank terminals and other process-safety environments, important risks often arise from combinations of equipment, procedures, control logic and operating conditions. A HAZOP creates a disciplined way to challenge design assumptions, record findings, assign actions and connect the results with risk assessment, Management of Change and follow-up. The value depends heavily on traceable actions and evidence after the workshop, not only on the workshop itself.
Break the system into manageable sections with clear design intent, process information and boundaries for the study.
Define scope and study nodes
1
Include people who understand design, operation, maintenance, safety and other relevant disciplines, with effective facilitation.
Assemble a competent multidisciplinary team
2
Use structured deviations such as no, more, less, reverse or other relevant prompts to challenge the design intent.
Apply guide words to process parameters
3
Discuss credible reasons for each deviation and what could happen if it occurs.
Identify causes and consequences
4
Consider prevention, detection and mitigation already in place and whether they adequately control the identified risk.
Review existing safeguards
5
Document study results, assign follow-up where additional control is needed and keep action closure linked to the HAZOP record.
Record recommendations and actions
6
Method explained
A structured HAZOP study
HAZOP uses a multidisciplinary team and systematic guide-word questioning to identify process deviations, causes, consequences and safeguards. The method is particularly useful for complex process systems where interactions and deviations from design intent need structured examination.
A systematic approach to preventing major incidents by managing hazards associated with hazardous processes, substances, equipment, procedures and organizational change.
Process Safety Management
Framework
· Process Safety
A structured assessment used to identify hazards or uncertainties, estimate their risk and determine whether controls or further action are required.
Risk Assessment
Process
· Risk
A structured process for evaluating and controlling safety, operational and compliance risks before significant technical, organizational or process changes are implemented.
Management of Change
Process
· Change/HSE
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